Symptoms of Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Simulation of macular degeneration. A street scene with an approximation of what somebody with Macular Degeneration sees compared to normal vision

We often hear that age-related macular degeneration (AMD) progresses slowly--the very word “degeneration” suggests gradual deterioration. And well-meaning friends or family may tell you that nothing can be done to interrupt AMD's dull, relentless advance.

But both of these ideas are myths or, at best, dangerous half-truths. Although AMD may unfold slowly in its early or intermediate stages, it can evolve into an advanced form called wet AMD in a matter of weeks or even days or hours (see Overview of Age-Related Macular Degeneration). Once it does, any delay in seeking or scheduling treatment can compromise your sight.

Importance of Early Detection

Early detection of new-onset wet AMD is essential to ensuring prompt treatment (see Diagnosing Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Macular Degeneration: Treatment & Care). You may postpone seeing your vision care provider because you don't recognize the symptoms of wet AMD. Of course, if you don't know you have early- or intermediate-stage AMD, you have no reason to be vigilant for signs of its progression.

Early Signs

Using a hand-held viewing instrument called an ophthalmoscope, your vision care provider can see signs of AMD on your retina even before you notice symptoms. Which is why it is so important to get a complete eye exam regularly.

In the meantime, there are some general signs to be aware of:

Some Warning Signs of Dry Macular Degeneration

  • You may need more light for reading and other tasks as the eye loses its ability to see detail.
  • In the later stages of the dry form, the damaged parts of the macula often cause localized areas of vision loss, or scotomas. Scotomas produce blurred spots, blank spots, blotches or distortion.

When you look at things with a damaged macula, objects may seem to fade or disappear. Over time, spots or blotches may darken or increase in size, causing deterioration of central vision.

People with dry macular degeneration may not even be aware that they have the disease, since changes in vision with the dry form can be very subtle. You may still see clearly and be able to perform tasks such as reading, driving, and watching television without difficulty. You may notice changes in vision only if both eyes are affected with the disease.

Some Warning Signs of Dry Macular Degeneration

  • In wet macular degeneration, objects may appear wavy or distorted. For example, the straight edge of a building may appear to be curved. This is due to blood vessels leaking fluid under the retina, causing the surface of the macula to become elevated and swollen.
  • Another warning sign of the wet form is a sudden and rapid decrease in central vision.
  • Blind spots may also appear if blood vessels break through the surface of the retina or cause leakage of blood (hemorrhage).

If you notice any of these warning signs, see your doctor immediately.

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